Which entity is responsible for enforcing the Fair Housing Act?

The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) is the entity responsible for enforcing the Fair Housing Act. This act, enacted in 1968, aims to eliminate discrimination in housing practices and promote equal housing opportunities for all individuals, regardless of race, color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status, or disability. HUD's enforcement capabilities allow it to investigate complaints, facilitate conciliation, and, if necessary, investigate cases of discrimination. HUD also has the authority to bring lawsuits in federal court to address violations of the Fair Housing Act.

Other entities listed, such as the Federal Reserve, Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), and Federal Housing Administration (FHA), have their respective roles related to housing and finance but do not have the enforcement mandate for the Fair Housing Act itself. The Federal Reserve focuses on monetary policy and banking; the CFPB regulates consumer financial products and services; and the FHA primarily serves as an insurer of mortgages and a promoter of affordable housing. Each of these organizations plays a vital role within the housing finance system, but they do not enforce the Fair Housing Act, which distinctly falls under HUD's jurisdiction.